Periodontal disease is so prevalent because it is caused by a biofilm type of infection. A biofilm is a layering of proteinaceous materials and bacteria. This layering of multiple bacteria causes a series of micro-organism changes and related difficulties. The bacteria on the outer surface of the biofilm may be alive and active, while the bacteria on the bottom of the biofilm are less active or dormant. In addition, there is generally not just one bacterium, but hundreds of different bacteria mixed together in the biofilm.
According to research at Montana State University, it takes 1000 times the strength of antibiotics to kill biofilm bacteria as compared to regular bacteria. Antibiotics cannot control biofilm bacteria because many of the antibiotics work as the cells divide and the bacteria at the bottom layers of the biofilm are not dividing, they are dormant. In addition, many of the antibiotics cannot penetrate the proteinaceous layering, so they are not able to affect the bacteria.
Research at Montana State University has demonstrated that a variety of agents are capable of treating biofilms, but the problem has always been how to deliver the agents to the infected tissue in a controlled manner. An additional problem is a fluid called crevicular flow that is constantly flushing out the gum tissue. This fluid flow increases with infection, so even if materials are placed beneath the gum tissue, they are constantly diluted. The half-life of materials in healthy gum tissue is 1 minute. This becomes much shorter with an increased infection.
The aging process also contributes to the prevalence of periodontal disease. Research published in the Journal of Periodontology discovered that even those patients who did follow their doctors and hygienist’s advice on homecare still lost ground to plaque control over time. It is just hard to maintain our oral health as we age. That is why William Shakespeare’s statement in Macbeth that “long of tooth” to denote age actually means short of gum due to periodontal disease.
The crevicular flow, biofilm bacteria, and our natural aging explain why treating periodontal disease is such a difficult task. Managing the biofilm is almost impossible with conventional methods. But there is hope with the Perio Protect Method™.
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